What Manchester ground, and Manchester rain, do to a CBR result.
LWD testing and DCP testing are useful extras here, because conditions change so quickly. Most of Greater Manchester sits on glacial till, the local boulder clay, over Sherwood Sandstone and Coal Measures. Till is stiff at its natural moisture content and can return a perfectly good CBR, but once it is wetted and trafficked the surface remoulds and the value falls sharply, so the same formation can pass on Tuesday and fail on Thursday. West of the city, on Chat Moss and Carrington Moss and along the Mersey and Irwell, peat and alluvium give values too low to be worth measuring, and the road is designed over them, not on them. In the centre, Salford and Trafford Park, the formation is usually made ground from mills, docks and demolition, which varies every few metres. Towards the Pennine edge, at Oldham, Rochdale and Stalybridge, sandstone and gritstone give firmer, steadier results.